Metformin
Metformin is the first-line oral medication for type 2 diabetes management. It works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity, helping to control blood sugar levels.
Uses & Indications
- Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Prevention of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals (prediabetes)
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) management (off-label)
- Weight management support in metabolic conditions
Common Side Effects
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea (especially when starting)
- Stomach pain and loss of appetite
- Metallic taste
- Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use
- Rare: lactic acidosis (serious — requires immediate medical attention)
Drug Interactions
- Contrast dye for imaging — temporarily stop metformin before procedures
- Alcohol — increases risk of lactic acidosis
- Certain diuretics — may alter blood sugar control
- Cimetidine — increases metformin plasma levels
Dosage Information
Typical starting dose is 500 mg once or twice daily with meals, gradually increased. Maximum dose is generally 2,550 mg per day. Dose adjustments required in kidney impairment.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or adjusting any medication.
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